Saturday, 27 April 2019

Guilty until proven innocent practises in Malaysia

I had some doubts about the justice system in Malaysia.

Despite what the constitution or judges say, it is a fact that the accused is already punished beyond reasonable reasons, despite no even a single shred of evidence being presented to the judges or any third party people.

Malaysia has given so much power to the investigating officers and public prosecutors with impunity to present fabricated and false evidences, with impunity, i.e. nothing being done to them. Just by claiming that it was a tactic or honest mistake they can get away with it, but justice mandates that ignorance in so excuse, and yet this is violated when it comes to government servants, but not the citizens.

I had bad experiences with LHDN, the income tax department, who penalised me heavily despite keeping excess of my money. The judge allowed it to occur, without any written judgement, the last time I checked but this case is on record, and I  shall pursue it further.

The second case, LHDN, was allowed to estimate the salary of a Federal Government servant, i.e. myself, and to ignore all explanations for more than 2 months, and yet the judge, allowed such a practise. I was even asked to pay for costs to the federal prosecutor without my knowledge at all of the decision of the judge because my lawyer was most probably bought. I have yet to receive the any written judgement. My expensive lawyer, public prosecutor and court registrar has not given me any copies of the court decision or the charge sheets at all. All these people will not run away because I shall pursue the case further.

I had some doubts about the large corruption cases in Malaysia and the huge bail money being charged. They looked more like punishments than bail. Bail is supposed to stop a person from running away without any penalty. So any security deposit must commensurate with the penalty.

I did not know for sure, until I attended a bail hearing and had to be pay the security deposit. Now it is better because they money is put into a deposit account bearing interest of 0.25% which is very low for a fixed deposit account. We should be allowed to choose our own deposit account because the court or prosecutors have the power to freeze the account.

I just realised that all the money being charged, were actually already froze, amounting to RM2 million including Epf payment and employer deposits to be paid to scholarship students.

During the bail hearing, the prosecutor just read the charges, and even present false evidences, that our lawyer cannot challenge because he was not allowed to communicate with his client. Luckily the judge was knowledgeable enough to notice the fabricated evidence. He claimed that my brother was found guilty of corruption charges previous which was completely false.

Among all the charges, two accounts that were frozen and brought to the charge sheet were EPF withdrawal and another, a deposit paid by her employer.

After this, employees will refuse any deposit made by employers to discharge their duties because of this backward and inefficient policy. Malaysia is already backward, and getting worse by the day with inefficiencies, and this court case is another reason why this is happening.

Worse, despite all the power given to the government in freezing accounts and properties, your property cannot be used as security deposits. The judge commented about the inability for the court to evaluate the value of the property and disposal of it. The SPRM had no difficulty in OVEREVALUATING the value of properties in making charges and publicing their stupidities in public. Now, when it comes to securing deposits, the judges, had not allowed SPRM to use the same evaluating strategy to evaluate properties as well.

The judges had not even considered anything at all, all the properties and accounts that had been frozen, even illegally because of the blatant stupidites of it all.

Worse, the security deposits and frozen accounts, including the illegally frozen ones, were not enough punishment. Bail is not supposed to punish, but to prevent people from running away from being brought to charges but in Malaysia, Bail is a punishment meted out even before any evidence had been brought forward. Worse, fabricated false evidences are even allowed to be brought forward and calculated in this punishment.

More punishments were meted out, including monthly reportings to the SPRM. This is actually punishment when you consider criminals on parole are required to report at designated places regularly.
https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/parole-conditions/

Worse, the judge had refused to even consider reducing the interval of reporting, from monthly, while under investigation, but without any security deposit, to two monthly, after payment of security deposits. This is amounting to double penalty which is unjust.


His Lordship in Soo Shiok Liong  laid down some factors for consideration in setting the quantum of bail bond as follows, which however is not exhaustive4:-
1.                  The nature and gravity of the offence and the severity and degree of punishment which conviction might entail;    One of the relevant, but not overriding factors to be considered;
2.                  The quantum should be higher in the case of non-bailable offences;
3.                  An excessive quantum may defeat the granting of bail;
4.                  Whether there is a likelihood of the applicant absconding if the bail quantum is set at too low;
5.                  Bail is not intended to be punitive but only to secure the attendance of the Accused at the trial therefore that amount of the bond must be fixed with the regard to the circumstances and must not be excessive;
6.                  Conditions set in granting the bail such as surrender of traveling documents should also be taken into consideration in reducing the quantum of bail;
7.                  Cooperation given by the Accused should also go to abate the quantum of bail;
8.                  The quantum of bail should not be set so prohibitively high as to have the effect of incarcerating the Accused before he is convicted of the crime; and
9.                  Factors for consideration in setting the quantum of bail bond-application of the Court’s mind in considering such factors to be reflected in the judge’s records. 

1
Section 387 of the Criminal Procedure Code relevant to bailable offences and section 388 relevant to nonbailable offences.  2
Held [5] of Soo Shiok Liong v Pendakwa Raya [1993] 2 CLJ 657;   Section 389 of the Criminal Procedure Code 3
Soo Shiok Liong v Pendakwa Raya [1993] 2 CLJ 657 at page 661, paragraph c of the left column
4
Soo Shiok Liong v Pendakwa Raya [1993] 2 CLJ 657 at page 660, paragraph a-i of the right column

 


Friday, 26 April 2019

Bail in Malaysia is a punishment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bail

Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they comply with the judicial process. Bail is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. [1]
In some countries, especially the United States, bail usually implies a bail bond. This is money or some form of property that is deposited to the court by the suspect, in return for the release from pre-trial detention. If the suspect does not return to court, the bail is forfeited, and the suspect may possibly be brought up on charges of the crime of failure to appear. If the suspect returns to make all their required appearances, bail is returned after the trial is concluded.
In other countries, such as the United Kingdom, bail is more likely to consist of set of restrictions that the suspect will have to abide by for a set period of time. Under this usage, bail can be given both before and after charge.
For minor crimes, a defendant may be summoned to court without the need for bail. For serious crimes, or for suspects who are deemed likely to fail to turn up in court, they may be remanded (detained) while awaiting trial. A suspect is given bail in cases where remand is not justified but there is a need to provide an incentive for the suspect to appear in court. Bail amounts may vary depending on the type and severity of crime the suspect is accused of; practices for determining bail amounts vary.

Custody and bail

Custody and bail

If a person is charged with a crime they can either be released on police bail, or detained in police custody.
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Being held in custody

When a person is charged with a crime and held in police custody they must be brought to the first available court for the court to decide whether they should continue to be held (remanded) in custody.
The Public Prosecution Service (PPS) must consider the charges and consider if there is still a need to keep the person in custody. The PPS will ask the court to remand someone in custody if they consider that there is a risk of the defendant -
  • running away
  • interfering with or threatening witnesses
  • perverting the course of justice
  • committing further offences
  • being a threat to public order
If a defendant is remanded in custody they will be kept in prison and required to appear in court.

Bail

Bail often means a defendant enters into a recognisance (a bond between them and the court) to pay money if they break the conditions of bail. Anyone providing a guarantee (or surety) may also have to enter into a recognisance. These are people who are prepared to enter into a bond and lose money if the defendant breaks their bail conditions.
If a person is charged and released by the police on bail, the first court appearance must be within 28 days from the date of the charge. This usually takes place in the magistrates’ court, where the District Judge will consider if there is enough evidence to connect the defendant to the crime.
If a defendant is held in prison, they may apply for bail again, but usually only when there has been a change in circumstances since they last applied for bail. The defendant can also apply for compassionate bail for a short period for reasons such as a family funeral. After this, they cannot make any more applications unless they can persuade the judge that something about the case, or their personal circumstances, has changed.The judge must grant bail unless the prosecution can show that there is a specific risk.

Bail conditions

If a defendant is granted bail by the court, the public prosecutor will consider whether any bail conditions would help address any risks identified, such as
  • the defendant has to be at the approved address between certain times (this is called a curfew)
  • the defendant may not be allowed to go to certain places, see certain people or drink alcohol
  • electronic tagging
If the court grants bail even though the PPS has argued against it, the public prosecutor may appeal. This appeal will be heard by the High Court.

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UK Court Proceeding, Initial steps

https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/will-case-go-court

Starting prosecution proceedings

If a decision is made to prosecute, a case can be commenced with either a charge sheet or a summons.
If it is by way of a charge sheet, this involves the police charging the suspect, who has been arrested, and the PPS reviewing the charge before the first court appearance to make sure there is enough evidence at that stage for the defendant to be prosecuted. The defendant will either be:
  • held in police custody overnight and produced at the first available court, where the court will then have to consider the issue of bail
  • released on police bail to appear before court on a stated date within 28 days from the charge
If the case is commenced by way of a summons, this is issued by the PPS and is served on the defendant either by post or in person. The defendant will be required to go to court on the date stated on the summons.
​Find out more about custody and bail.

Guilty until Proven Innocent in Malaysia

Malaysian justice system is guilty until proven innocent.

The moment they charge you, you are already penalised.
Look at the penalty:
1. Deposit in cash, more than 10% of the stated charge without any justification at all.
2. Your passport held up.
3. You must report every month.
4. The prosecutor is allowed to present the most stupid and illogical evidence, unchallenged, because the accused is not allowed to speak up. Only the lawyer is allowed to speak but without any contact with the accused, no way for him to verify or challenge.

The purpose of the security deposit is to ensure that the accused will be presented in court, but why multiple penalties.

Our lawyer tried to ask for reduction of the time to report to SPRM every month, but the judge rejected it, because he said it is the practise in Malaysia. Certianly not to uphold justice or presumed innocent until proven guilty.

You may think that deposit is fair but the judge or defendents are not shown any evidence at all. All are just charges with stated amounts, many of which are just ridiculous.

The amount may be ridiculous, but it is used to calculate the deposit. And what prevents SPRM, or any prosecutor from quoting ridicoulously high charges, e.g. killing millions or people or money laundering billions of ringgit? Nothing at all.

So far, I do not read such ridiculously high figures, but ridiculous charges are very common, like the hundreds of millions or riggit in the accused house or office. Can you imagine how much money is that in paper?

If money deposited into you account by your employer to be given to other people is considered as money laundering, how do you feel? Is that justice. Why can't SPRM just check the source of the fund and determine that it is from the employer.

Or how about your EPF refund during your retirement. Is it really so difficult to check the source of this fund? But all these are allowed to be recorded unchallenged in court.

I do not know what amendments had been made to make public prosecutors so powerful like this. It is the fault of Malaysians who believe that presuming anyone guilty is the best way to peace and prosperity. I do not think that they ever believe in justice.

But look at the result of all those actions? Are we near the developed status ? It is the opposite. We are getting more and more backward.

No wonder. This is the major reason why it has happened. When justice is ignored, there is no hope for any prosperity at all. Do not think that you can have any peace at all.